In 2006, Illinois's Medicaid program created a case management program aimed at promoting preventive care and reducing redundancy of services, in part by enabling providers to earn monthly payments and bonuses for meeting quality thresholds. The state also implemented a disease management program. Ultimately, the two programs served more than two-thirds of the state’s eligible Medicaid beneficiaries. In a Commonwealth Fund–supported study in Annals of Family Medicine, Robert L. Phillips, Jr., M.D., and colleagues evaluated whether these programs achieved their goals of improved care and lower costs.