Harkness Project Title: Impact of Pay for Performance Programs on Health Disparities in Chronic Disease Management
Mentor: Andrew Bindman, M.D.
Placement: University of California, San Francisco
Biography at time of Harkness Fellowship: Christopher Millett, M.Sc., M.Phil., FFPH, Ph.D., a 2008–09 Commonwealth Fund Harkness Fellow in Health Care Policy and Practice, is a consultant in public health at Imperial College. Prior to this role, he held positions as a specialist trainee in public health for the London NHS Public Health Training Program, and as honorary research fellow in the Health Services Research Unit at University College London, School of Public Policy. Millett's research interests include access to preventative care, tobacco policy, and equity in chronic disease management programs. He has written over 25 peer-reviewed journal articles, with publications in PLoS Medicine, Journal of General Internal Medicine, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Tobacco Control, and the International Journal of Obesity. He holds a Ph.D. from Imperial College, London, master's degrees in health psychology and medicine from City University and University College London, respectively, and is a fellow of the U.K. Faculty of Public Health, Royal College of Physicians.
Project: Christopher Millett evaluated the impact of pay-for-performance (P4P) on health care disparities, especially in relation to chronic disease managements. Disparities may widen if financial incentives encourage providers to “cherry pick” healthier patients or exclude those not achieving targets from public reporting mechanisms. Using data sources from California, Millett focused on how P4P impacts disparities in Medicaid, and also identified which groups of beneficiaries are excluded from performance reporting.
Career Activity Since Fellowship
- Professor, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
- Reader in Public Health at Imperial College, London and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, New Delhi, 2013
- Clinical Senior Lecturer, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 2012
Current Position: (updated 10/2017)
- Professor, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
E-mail: [email protected]
Selected Publications:
Greaves F, Laverty AA, Cano DR, Moilanen K, Pulman S, Darzi A, Millett C. “Tweets about hospital quality: a mixed methods study” BMJ Qual Saf. 2014 Oct;23(10):838-46. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2014-002875. Epub 2014 Apr 19.
Laverty AA, Millett C. Smoking ban in cars will benefit disadvantaged children most. BMJ. 2014 Feb 25;348:g1720.
Barrera L, Leaper C, Pape UJ, Majeed A, Blangiardo M, Millett C. Impact of ethnic-specific guidelines for anti-hypertensive prescribing in primary care in England: a longitudinal study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Feb 25;14(1):87.
Dalton AR, Vamos EP, Harris MJ, Netuveli G, Wachter RM, Majeed A, Millett C. Impact of universal health insurance coverage on hypertension management: a cross-national study in the United States and England. PLoS One. 2014 Jan8;9(1):e83705.
Hamilton FL, Laverty AA, Gluvajic D, Huckvale K, Car J, Majeed A, Millett C. Effect of financial incentives on delivery of alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) in primary care: longitudinal study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2013 Dec 26.
Majeed A, El-Sayed AA, Khoja T, Alshamsan R, Millett C, Rawaf S. Diabetes in the Middle-East and North Africa: An update for 2013 for the IDF Diabetes Atlas. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013 Nov 28.
Nazar GP, Lee JT, Glantz SA, Arora M, Pearce N, Millett C. Association between being employed in a smoke-free workplace and living in a smoke-free home: evidence from 15 low and middle income countries. Prev Med. 2014 Feb;59:47-53.
Greaves F, Ramirez-Cano D, Millett C, Darzi A, Donaldson L. Use of sentiment analysis for capturing patient experience from free-text comments posted online. J Med Internet Res. 2013 Nov 1;15(11):e239.
Soljak M, Majeed A, Millett C. Response to Krogsboll and colleagues: NHS health checks or government by randomised controlled trial? BMJ. 2013 Oct 9;347:f5984.
Thomas G, Khunti K, Curcin V, Molokhia M, Millett C, Majeed A, Paul S. Obesity paradox in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with and without prior cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Apr;16(4):317-25.
Sreeharan V, Madden H, Lee JT, Millett C, Majeed A. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies and antidepressant prescribing rates in England: a longitudinal time-series analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2013 Sep;63(614):e649-53.
Greaves F, Laverty AA, Millett C. Friends and family test results only moderately associated with conventional measures of hospital quality. BMJ. 2013 Aug 20;347:f4986.
Laverty AA, Mindell JS, Webb EA, Millett C. Active travel to work and cardiovascular risk factors in the United kingdom. Am J Prev Med. 2013 Sep;45(3):282-8.
Jawad M, Wilson A, Lee JT, Jawad S, Hamilton FL, Millett C. Prevalence and predictors of water pipe and cigarette smoking among secondary school students in London. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Dec;15(12):2069-75.
Artac M, Dalton AR, Babu H, Bates S, Millett C, Majeed A. Primary care and population factors associated with NHS Health Check coverage: a national cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2013 Sep;35(3):431-9.
Basu S, Glantz S, Bitton A, Millett C. The effect of tobacco control measures during a period of rising cardiovascular disease risk in India: a mathematical model of myocardial infarction and stroke. PLoS Med. 2013;10(7):e1001480.
Vellakkal S, Subramanian SV, Millett C, Basu S, Stuckler D, Ebrahim S. Socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable diseases prevalence in India: disparities between self-reported diagnoses and standardized measures. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 15;8(7):e68219.
Agrawal S, Karan A, Selvaraj S, Bhan N, Subramanian SV, Millett C. Socio-economic patterning of tobacco use in Indian states. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Aug;17(8):1110-7.
Cowling TE, Cecil EV, Soljak MA, Lee JT, Millett C, Majeed A, Wachter RM, Harris MJ. Access to primary care and visits to emergency departments in England: a cross-sectional, population-based study. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 12;8(6):e66699.
Jones Nielsen JD, Laverty AA, Millett C, Mainous AG 3rd, Majeed A, Saxena S. Rising obesity-related hospital admissions among children and young people in England: national time trends study. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 12;8(6):e65764.
Millett C, Agrawal S, Sullivan R, Vaz M, Kurpad A, Bharathi AV, Prabhakaran D, Reddy KS, Kinra S, Smith GD, Ebrahim S; Indian Migration Study group. Associations between active travel to work and overweight, hypertension, and diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study. PLoS Med. 2013;10(6):e1001459.
Laverty AA, Capewell S, Millett C. Regulation and the food industry. Lancet. 2013 Jun 1;381(9881):1901.
Laverty AA, Dixon A, Millett C. Do patients' information requirements for choice in health care vary with their socio-demographic characteristics? Health Expect. 2013 May 28.
Artac M, Dalton AR, Majeed A, Car J, Millett C. Effectiveness of a national cardiovascular disease risk assessment program (NHS Health Check): results after one year. Prev Med. 2013 Aug;57(2):129-34.
Basu S, Millett C. Social epidemiology of hypertension in middle-income countries: determinants of prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and control in the WHO SAGE study. Hypertension. 2013 Jul;62(1):18-26.
Dalton AR, Bottle A, Soljak M, Majeed A, Millett C. Ethnic group differences in cardiovascular risk assessment scores: national cross-sectional study. EthnHealth. 2013 May 10.
Pape UJ, Millett C, Lee JT, Car J, Majeed A. Disentangling secular trends and policy impacts in health studies: use of interrupted time series analysis. J R Soc Med. 2013 Apr;106(4):124-9.
Tang R, Millett CR, Green JJ. Amyopathic dermatomyositis complicated by pneumomediastinum. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013 Mar;6(3):40-3.
Lee JT, Agrawal S, Basu S, Glantz SA, Millett C. Association between smoke-free workplace and second-hand smoke exposure at home in India. Tob Control. 2013 Mar 23.
Artac M, Dalton AR, Majeed A, Car J, Huckvale K, Millett C. Uptake of the NHS Health Check programme in an urban setting. Fam Pract. 2013 Aug;30(4):426-35.
Greaves F, Ramirez-Cano D, Millett C, Darzi A, Donaldson L. Harnessing the cloud of patient experience: using social media to detect poor quality healthcare. BMJ Qual Saf. 2013 Mar;22(3):251-5.
Millett C, Lee JT, Laverty AA, Glantz SA, Majeed A. Hospital admissions for childhood asthma after smoke-free legislation in England. Pediatrics. 2013 Feb;131(2):e495-501.
Jawad M, Abass J, Hariri A, Rajasooriar KG, Salmasi H, Millett C, Hamilton FL. Waterpipe smoking: prevalence and attitudes among medical students in London. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Jan;17(1):137-40.
Laverty AA, Smith PC, Pape UJ, Mears A, Wachter RM, Millett C. “High-Profile Investigations Into Hospital Safety Problems in England Did Not Prompt Patients to Switch Providers.” Health Affairs. 2012.
Gauld R, Blank R, Burgers J, Cohen AB, Dobrow M, Ikegami N, Kwon S, Luxford K, Millett C, Wendt C., “The World Health Report 2008: Primary Healthcare: How wide is the gap between its agenda and implementation in 12 High-Income Health Systems?” Healthcare Policy. 7(3). 2012.
Millett C, Chattopadhyay A, Bindman A. “Unhealthy competition: Consequences of Health Plan Choice in California Medicaid.” American Journal of Public Health
Millett C, Everett CJ, Matheson EM, Bindman AB, Mainous AG. “Impact of Medicare Part D on Seniors’ Out-of-pocket Expenditures on Medications.” Archives of Internal Medicine, 2010.